Alberta’s New Policies Threaten Gender-Based Violence Prevention

The recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada has sparked significant debate regarding the application of mandatory minimum sentences for possession of child sexual abuse material, previously classified as child pornography. The court indicated that while these offenses merit severe penalties due to their damaging nature, the current Criminal Code applies mandatory minimums too broadly. This decision has drawn criticism from certain Canadian politicians, prompting legal experts to caution against misleading public interpretations of the ruling.

Research on gender-based violence (GBV) prevention emphasizes the importance of addressing underlying social conditions that foster harmful behaviours rather than just responding post-incident. In this context, Alberta Premier Danielle Smith has faced backlash for her legislative agenda, which many argue undermines GBV prevention efforts in the province. Critics assert that her anti-trans policies across various sectors, including health and education, could normalize gender-based inequality, adversely affecting transgender individuals, girls, and women.

The issue of online child exploitation has seen alarming growth, with reported offenses rising from 9,131 in 2022 to 16,892 in 2023. These statistics reflect only reported incidents, suggesting that the actual scope of the problem is likely much larger. Advocates for GBV prevention have called for legal reforms that emphasize preventive measures and accountability for technology platforms, alongside alternative justice approaches focused on survivor needs.

Understanding GBV is crucial, as it encompasses violence based on gender, gender identity, and perceived gender. It includes various forms of sexual violence and hate-motivated acts. The Alberta government acknowledges that GBV stems from structural violence such as racism and sexism, necessitating primary prevention strategies that promote education and address inequality.

School-based programs play a vital role in GBV prevention. Comprehensive sexual health education, child sexual abuse prevention initiatives, and support networks like gay-straight alliances (GSAs) are essential in equipping students with the knowledge to challenge harmful norms. Effective sexual education reduces instances of sexual violence by fostering understanding of human rights and healthy relationships.

Despite the evidence supporting these educational approaches, Premier Smith’s legislative measures have weakened GBV prevention in schools. Although the Alberta government announced a ten-year strategy to combat GBV in May, critics argue that the policies enacted by the United Conservative Party are based on harmful myths. Alberta’s educational curriculum ranks lowest in Canada for 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion, with students in grades K-6 receiving minimal exposure to diverse family structures and identities.

Under current legislation, parental consent is required for students to learn about puberty, hygiene, and consent, effectively limiting access to vital sexual education. Furthermore, Smith’s government mandates prior ministerial approval for resources from third-party organizations that support sexual health education. As of November, only four organizations have been approved, creating significant gaps in programming, particularly in rural areas where rates of GBV are higher.

Policies under Smith’s leadership have also imposed restrictions on transgender youth, requiring parental permission for them to use preferred names and pronouns at school. This policy has faced criticism for potentially causing irreparable harm to young individuals, including increased risks of family violence. The Saskatchewan Supreme Court previously ruled that similar policies pose significant risks, underscoring the detrimental effects of such regulations on youth well-being.

Moreover, Smith’s administration has sought to limit gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth, arguing that such measures are intended to protect future reproductive choices. Critics argue that this perspective, rooted in traditional gender roles, undermines bodily autonomy and is a significant factor in perpetuating GBV.

Without effective prevention strategies, the incidence of gender-based violence is expected to rise, further straining already underfunded support systems for survivors. If Premier Smith is genuinely committed to addressing GBV, her legislative actions must align with this commitment, moving beyond mere public statements to tangible policy changes that prioritize the rights and well-being of all Albertans.

The ongoing dialogue around GBV in Alberta reflects broader societal issues, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches that focus on prevention, education, and inclusivity to foster healthier communities.