Canada Ramps Up Quantum Technology for Defence Strategy

The Canadian government is prioritizing quantum technology as part of its strategic defence initiatives. In a move to bolster national security, Canada has embarked on a seven-year plan focused on integrating quantum advancements into its military capabilities. This initiative comes as part of a broader effort to adapt to the rapid evolution of threats in the digital age, where traditional systems may struggle to provide adequate protection.

Quantum technology, which includes applications such as quantum computers and sensors, is redefining modern warfare alongside breakthrough innovations like artificial intelligence and drones. Countries like the United States and China are heavily investing in quantum research, with the U.S. aiming to develop a reliable quantum computer by 2033 and China allocating billions in public funds to advance its capabilities. In this competitive landscape, Canada is determined to regain its footing in the technology race, particularly after previously losing its lead in artificial intelligence.

According to Lisa Lambert, chief executive officer at Quantum Industry Canada, Canada’s expertise in quantum technology provides a strong opportunity to enhance its contributions to various defence alliances. “There are very few countries in the world that have the quantum capabilities that Canada has,” she stated.

Key Applications of Quantum Technology in Defence

The potential applications of quantum technology in defence can be categorized into three main areas: communications, sensors, and computing.

In the realm of sensing, radar systems play a crucial role in identifying threats in air, land, and sea operations. Traditional military radar systems can be susceptible to detection or evasion, leaving users exposed. Quantum technology promises to enhance these systems, making them undetectable. At Qubic Inc., based in Sherbrooke, Quebec, and Waterloo, Ontario, CEO Jérôme Bourassa is developing quantum-enhanced radar capable of detecting elusive threats, such as drones. “You see them without them seeing you,” he explained, highlighting the system’s potential to provide a more accurate and precise understanding of its surroundings.

The infrastructure for Qubic’s radar will resemble existing models but will operate differently, allowing users to identify smaller targets more quickly and from greater distances. “The purpose is to provide advanced knowledge and situational awareness,” said Bourassa. This quantum-enhanced radar is one of four missions outlined in the Quantum 2030 strategy released by the Canadian Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces in 2023.

Communications and Cybersecurity Challenges

Quantum technology also presents both opportunities and challenges in communications. Quantum computers could potentially decrypt longstanding public key cryptography, putting sensitive digital communications at risk. The timeline for when quantum computing might achieve this capability remains uncertain, but companies like Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. in Toronto are proactively developing quantum-safe solutions to mitigate these risks.

CEO Mattia Montagna emphasized the urgency of addressing these vulnerabilities. He described the prospect of adversaries utilizing quantum computing to compromise classified communications as “a bit of a disaster,” warning that it could render much of today’s internet communications insecure. As part of its Quantum 2030 strategy, the Canadian government has committed to adopting quantum-secure communications to combat potential “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks.

In the computing domain, the push for quantum technology is driven by the need for superior processing capabilities. Christian Weedbrook, founder and CEO of Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc., noted that advancements in quantum algorithms are vital for enhancing classical computing used in defence applications. Ottawa’s focus on developing these algorithms reflects its recognition of the strategic advantages offered by quantum technology.

Dr. Stephanie Simmons, founder and chief quantum officer at Photonic Inc. in Vancouver, pointed out that while the U.S. government is funding competitions to advance quantum computing, Canada must remain proactive in its efforts. “The world trusts Canada. And this technology needs trust,” she said, stressing the importance of maintaining momentum and not allowing bureaucratic processes to hinder progress.

As global powers intensify their focus on quantum technology, Canada’s commitment to its Quantum 2030 strategy could be pivotal in shaping its future defence landscape. The integration of quantum advancements has the potential to significantly enhance national security, ensuring that Canada remains competitive in the rapidly evolving technological arena.