Christmas Tree Farmers Adapt to Climate Change and Rising Costs

Christmas tree farmers in Canada are grappling with the dual challenges of climate change and a rising cost of living, which are reshaping the industry. Michael Cormack, who operates a Christmas tree farm in Goodwood, Ontario, has witnessed significant changes since his grandfather founded the business in the 1950s. Cormack highlighted the severe weather conditions affecting his farm, noting that a heatwave in July 2023, with average temperatures exceeding 29°C, resulted in the loss of young trees.

“Mother nature is a big, big factor in the business,” Cormack told CBC Toronto. He also recounted a tornado four years ago that devastated parts of his farm. Such unpredictable weather patterns are becoming increasingly common, posing a serious threat to the viability of Christmas tree farming.

Rising Costs and Changing Consumer Habits

The affordability crisis is leading to changes in consumer behavior, with Cormack observing fewer young couples and small families visiting his farm. Instead, he has noticed an increase in multi-generational families purchasing a single tree together. This shift reflects broader trends in spending as families navigate the high cost of living.

Kelsey Leonard, founder and director of the Christmas Tree Lab at the University of Waterloo, cited the high cost of land as another factor affecting the industry. “Many of the farms are owned by elderly growers, and they’re aging out,” she explained. This generational turnover threatens the sustainability of Christmas tree farming, as younger farmers are deterred by high entry costs.

Furthermore, Leonard indicated that tariffs imposed by the United States may elevate the costs of equipment necessary for tree farming. Although the full impact of these tariffs will not be evident until the post-holiday selling season, their potential to squeeze profits is concerning for many farmers.

The Environmental Debate: Real vs. Artificial Trees

The question of whether real or artificial Christmas trees are more environmentally friendly continues to spark debate. Experts, including Leonard, argue that the overall carbon footprint of real trees is significantly lower than that of artificial ones, which are often made from fossil fuel-based plastics. “A lot of artificial trees are some type of plastic byproduct, which is a product of fossil fuel consumption,” Leonard noted.

According to the David Suzuki Foundation, the environmental benefits of keeping an artificial tree for an extended period can offset its carbon footprint, but most consumers do not retain these trees long enough to make a meaningful impact. “You’re lucky if you get someone who holds their artificial tree for more than two years,” Leonard remarked, describing them as a “fast fashion fad.”

For consumers opting for an artificial tree, Leonard recommends maximizing its use through repurposing, reusing, and recycling efforts. Eco-friendly artificial trees made from recycled materials or plant-based plastics are becoming available, providing consumers with more sustainable options.

Cormack emphasized that real trees should be viewed as a renewable crop. “Every year that we cut one, we usually plant two or three,” he stated. “It is definitely healthier for the environment.” This perspective may resonate with consumers who are increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of their holiday traditions.

As the holiday season approaches, Cormack has observed a shift in consumer sentiment. Many people seem to embrace the festive spirit earlier than in previous years. “Our big weekend used to be around December 15, and now it’s pushing into November,” he noted. This trend may provide a much-needed boost to local tree farmers facing economic and environmental challenges.

The future of Christmas tree farming in Canada will depend on the industry’s ability to adapt to changing conditions and consumer preferences. As climate change continues to disrupt traditional farming practices, the resilience and innovation of farmers like Cormack will be crucial in sustaining this cherished holiday tradition.